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[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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Cruz est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur d\u2019une ligne dure contre l\u2019Iran. Il a plaid\u00e9 pour des frappes cibl\u00e9es, notamment sur le site hautement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019enrichissement d\u2019uranium de Fordow. Il qualifie une \u00e9ventuelle frappe am\u00e9ricaine de \u00ab raisonnable \u00bb et affirme avoir partag\u00e9 son opinion avec le pr\u00e9sident Trump. Sa position refl\u00e8te une frange du Parti r\u00e9publicain favorable \u00e0 un changement de r\u00e9gime \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 travers une pression maximale et une intervention militaire potentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Prise de position en faveur d\u2019une action militaire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur d\u2019une ligne dure contre l\u2019Iran. Il a plaid\u00e9 pour des frappes cibl\u00e9es, notamment sur le site hautement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019enrichissement d\u2019uranium de Fordow. Il qualifie une \u00e9ventuelle frappe am\u00e9ricaine de \u00ab raisonnable \u00bb et affirme avoir partag\u00e9 son opinion avec le pr\u00e9sident Trump. Sa position refl\u00e8te une frange du Parti r\u00e9publicain favorable \u00e0 un changement de r\u00e9gime \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 travers une pression maximale et une intervention militaire potentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dans une interview du 18 juin 2025, le s\u00e9nateur Cruz a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Isra\u00ebl a men\u00e9 l\u2019attaque, mais nous (les \u00c9tats-Unis) les avons soutenus. \u00bb Ces propos contredisent les affirmations des responsables de la Maison Blanche, qui nient toute implication am\u00e9ricaine dans les frappes isra\u00e9liennes sur des sites iraniens. Cruz a ainsi confirm\u00e9 l\u2019implication indirecte des troupes am\u00e9ricaines, notamment pour emp\u00eacher les repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prise de position en faveur d\u2019une action militaire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur d\u2019une ligne dure contre l\u2019Iran. Il a plaid\u00e9 pour des frappes cibl\u00e9es, notamment sur le site hautement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019enrichissement d\u2019uranium de Fordow. Il qualifie une \u00e9ventuelle frappe am\u00e9ricaine de \u00ab raisonnable \u00bb et affirme avoir partag\u00e9 son opinion avec le pr\u00e9sident Trump. Sa position refl\u00e8te une frange du Parti r\u00e9publicain favorable \u00e0 un changement de r\u00e9gime \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 travers une pression maximale et une intervention militaire potentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans une interview du 18 juin 2025, le s\u00e9nateur Cruz a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Isra\u00ebl a men\u00e9 l\u2019attaque, mais nous (les \u00c9tats-Unis) les avons soutenus. \u00bb Ces propos contredisent les affirmations des responsables de la Maison Blanche, qui nient toute implication am\u00e9ricaine dans les frappes isra\u00e9liennes sur des sites iraniens. Cruz a ainsi confirm\u00e9 l\u2019implication indirecte des troupes am\u00e9ricaines, notamment pour emp\u00eacher les repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prise de position en faveur d\u2019une action militaire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur d\u2019une ligne dure contre l\u2019Iran. Il a plaid\u00e9 pour des frappes cibl\u00e9es, notamment sur le site hautement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019enrichissement d\u2019uranium de Fordow. Il qualifie une \u00e9ventuelle frappe am\u00e9ricaine de \u00ab raisonnable \u00bb et affirme avoir partag\u00e9 son opinion avec le pr\u00e9sident Trump. Sa position refl\u00e8te une frange du Parti r\u00e9publicain favorable \u00e0 un changement de r\u00e9gime \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 travers une pression maximale et une intervention militaire potentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
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L\u2019aveu de Ted Cruz : qu\u2019a-t-il r\u00e9ellement dit ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans une interview du 18 juin 2025, le s\u00e9nateur Cruz a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Isra\u00ebl a men\u00e9 l\u2019attaque, mais nous (les \u00c9tats-Unis) les avons soutenus. \u00bb Ces propos contredisent les affirmations des responsables de la Maison Blanche, qui nient toute implication am\u00e9ricaine dans les frappes isra\u00e9liennes sur des sites iraniens. Cruz a ainsi confirm\u00e9 l\u2019implication indirecte des troupes am\u00e9ricaines, notamment pour emp\u00eacher les repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prise de position en faveur d\u2019une action militaire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur d\u2019une ligne dure contre l\u2019Iran. Il a plaid\u00e9 pour des frappes cibl\u00e9es, notamment sur le site hautement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019enrichissement d\u2019uranium de Fordow. Il qualifie une \u00e9ventuelle frappe am\u00e9ricaine de \u00ab raisonnable \u00bb et affirme avoir partag\u00e9 son opinion avec le pr\u00e9sident Trump. Sa position refl\u00e8te une frange du Parti r\u00e9publicain favorable \u00e0 un changement de r\u00e9gime \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 travers une pression maximale et une intervention militaire potentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019interview explosive avec Tucker Carlson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conflit sur les connaissances et la strat\u00e9gie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entretien entre Cruz et Carlson a marqu\u00e9 un tournant dans les tensions internes au sein du mouvement MAGA. Carlson, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 toute implication militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, a interrog\u00e9 Cruz sur ses connaissances de base concernant l\u2019Iran, comme la population ou la composition religieuse. Cruz a reconnu ne pas conna\u00eetre ces donn\u00e9es, ce \u00e0 quoi Carlson a r\u00e9pondu : \u00ab Vous ne connaissez m\u00eame pas la population du pays que vous voulez d\u00e9truire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet \u00e9change r\u00e9v\u00e8le une inqui\u00e9tude plus large sur le manque de comp\u00e9tence ou de compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus qui plaident pour la guerre, et soul\u00e8ve des questions fondamentales sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de telles prises de position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accusations de bellicisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carlson a accus\u00e9 Cruz et d\u2019autres alli\u00e9s de Trump de chercher \u00e0 entra\u00eener les \u00c9tats-Unis dans un conflit co\u00fbteux. Il a m\u00eame cit\u00e9 des figures m\u00e9diatiques comme Sean Hannity et Rupert Murdoch comme appartenant \u00e0 une clique de \u00ab fauteurs de guerre \u00bb qui poussent \u00e0 un affrontement avec l\u2019Iran. Cruz a d\u00e9fendu sa position, tout en \u00e9tant critiqu\u00e9 pour avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9 convictions religieuses et strat\u00e9gie militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifications religieuses et id\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le soutien \u00e9vang\u00e9lique \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cruz a reconnu que les croyances \u00e9vang\u00e9liques chr\u00e9tiennes \u00e9taient un facteur majeur dans le soutien \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime iranien. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la th\u00e9ologie dispensationaliste et la promesse biblique selon laquelle \u00ab ceux qui b\u00e9nissent Isra\u00ebl seront b\u00e9nis \u00bb. Cette interpr\u00e9tation religieuse influence fortement les politiques am\u00e9ricaines au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la foi reste un moteur pour certains responsables politiques, les critiques soulignent que cela risque d\u2019\u00e9loigner les d\u00e9cisions des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s g\u00e9opolitiques. Une politique fond\u00e9e sur une id\u00e9ologie ou une th\u00e9ologie peut mener \u00e0 des conflits sans strat\u00e9gie claire ni issue r\u00e9aliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences politiques et divisions internes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une fracture au sein du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La position belliciste de Cruz s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la prudence exprim\u00e9e par d\u2019autres r\u00e9publicains, y compris au Texas. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Cruz appelle au changement de r\u00e9gime, d\u2019autres pr\u00f4nent la diplomatie et mettent en garde contre une nouvelle guerre sans fin. Steve Bannon, ancien strat\u00e8ge de Trump, a critiqu\u00e9 les interventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, estimant qu\u2019elles affaiblissent la coalition MAGA et d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention des priorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de Trump<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump lui-m\u00eame reste ind\u00e9cis. Il envisage, entre autres, de fournir \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une bombe anti-bunker pour d\u00e9truire les installations nucl\u00e9aires enterr\u00e9es de l\u2019Iran, tout en d\u00e9clarant publiquement : \u00ab Je le ferai peut-\u00eatre, ou peut-\u00eatre pas. \u00bb Cette position refl\u00e8te les d\u00e9bats internes au sein de son \u00e9quipe. Trump a par ailleurs rejet\u00e9 les critiques de Carlson sur Cruz en les qualifiant de \u00ab loufoques \u00bb, illustrant la complexit\u00e9 des rapports de force dans son entourage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La compr\u00e9hension du public et ses limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une ignorance largement r\u00e9pandue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019enjeu, l\u2019Iran reste mal connu du grand public. En 2020, seulement 23 % des Am\u00e9ricains interrog\u00e9s pouvaient localiser l\u2019Iran sur une carte. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re le d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019opinion publique et la compr\u00e9hension des politiques internationales, et soul\u00e8ve des doutes sur la qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique autour de l\u2019engagement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers d\u00e9veloppements en 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Depuis juin 2025, Isra\u00ebl a intensifi\u00e9 ses attaques contre des cibles militaires iraniennes, notamment le site fortifi\u00e9 de Fordow. L\u2019Iran a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 en bombardant des villes isra\u00e9liennes et en lan\u00e7ant des missiles contre des bases et troupes am\u00e9ricaines dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets d\u2019assassinats pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des rumeurs font \u00e9tat de tentatives iraniennes d\u2019assassiner Donald Trump, bien que ces all\u00e9gations restent contest\u00e9es. Des responsables isra\u00e9liens ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 publiquement l\u2019\u00e9limination du guide supr\u00eame iranien, aggravant encore les tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La posture militaire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des navires de guerre et des avions de chasse suppl\u00e9mentaires au Moyen-Orient. Cette mobilisation souligne leur niveau de pr\u00e9paration, alors que le Congr\u00e8s reste divis\u00e9 sur une autorisation formelle d\u2019action militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intervention am\u00e9ricaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risque d\u2019escalade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une implication directe des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait transformer le conflit en une guerre r\u00e9gionale, avec des milices pro-iraniennes d\u00e9stabilisant les \u00c9tats voisins. Le risque de repr\u00e9sailles iraniennes contre les troupes ou alli\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains demeure \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019absence de consensus clair au sein du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et entre ses alli\u00e9s complique les efforts diplomatiques tout en nourrissant les pr\u00e9paratifs militaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quences humanitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une escalade entra\u00eenerait de lourdes pertes civiles des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s : morts, bless\u00e9s, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et souffrances humanitaires accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aveu du s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz concernant le soutien am\u00e9ricain aux frappes isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran expose les contradictions de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Sa position militariste, teint\u00e9e de convictions religieuses, contraste avec la prudence d\u2019autres voix et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les fractures internes du Parti r\u00e9publicain et du mouvement MAGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis se trouvent \u00e0 un carrefour d\u00e9cisif : entre la mont\u00e9e des tensions, les choix incertains de Trump, et la pression des faucons, les d\u00e9cisions prises dans les semaines \u00e0 venir pourraient d\u00e9terminer l\u2019avenir du conflit Isra\u00ebl-Iran, la position g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis, et les chances de paix ou de guerre dans l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus explosives au monde.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le-t-il l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ? Analyse de l\u2019aveu controvers\u00e9 de Ted Cruz sur l\u2019implication des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les frappes contre l\u2019Iran","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"israel-controle-t-il-lamerique-analyse-de-laveu-controverse-de-ted-cruz-sur-limplication-des-etats-unis-dans-les-frappes-contre-liran","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-28 10:50:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8094","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7845,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-25 14:57:07","post_content":"\n

Un agent \u00e9tranger qatari a vers\u00e9 environ 30 000 dollars aux comit\u00e9s de campagne du s\u00e9nateur Lindsey Graham (R-SC) entre 2020 et 2025. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, le bureau de Graham a accord\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s important au cabinet de lobbying de cet agent afin de soutenir les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qatar. Cela comprenait plus de 131 \u00e9changes entre le bureau du s\u00e9nateur et l\u2019agent qatari, ainsi que des r\u00e9unions en personne et des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec Graham lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement illustr\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon une analyse du Washington Examiner<\/em> fond\u00e9e sur des centaines de documents publics, les agents \u00e9trangers actifs du Qatar ont vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 700 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres responsables gouvernementaux depuis 2020, tout en entretenant des canaux de communication ouverts et un acc\u00e8s direct avec des l\u00e9gislateurs influents \u2013 souvent les m\u00eames auxquels ils faisaient des dons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une \u00e9tude universitaire de 2018 a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que lorsque des sujets importants pour les lobbyistes sont au centre du processus politique, ces derniers augmentent leurs contributions aux comit\u00e9s et parlementaires concern\u00e9s. Une autre \u00e9tude de 2015 a \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019un don \u00e0 un membre du Congr\u00e8s augmentait l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son bureau, indiquant que ces paiements de lobbying pourraient \u00eatre motiv\u00e9s par le d\u00e9sir d\u2019influencer la politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew King, un agent \u00e9tranger qatari qui a fait d\u2019importants dons aux comit\u00e9s d\u2019action politique (PAC) de Graham, entretient des liens bien plus profonds que financiers avec le s\u00e9nateur de Caroline du Sud. Avant de fonder Neale Creek, une entreprise de relations gouvernementales et de conseil politique, King a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 20 ans dans le bureau de Graham, o\u00f9 il supervisait notamment les affaires du Moyen-Orient. En plus de ses propres dons politiques, King est tr\u00e9sorier et cofondateur du PAC 150, qui a vers\u00e9 des milliers de dollars \u00e0 Graham ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d'autres membres du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon des documents d\u00e9pos\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement de la Justice am\u00e9ricain, King et Neale Creek ont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9 par les bureaux du Congr\u00e8s pour promouvoir<\/a> les affaires avec l\u2019\u00c9tat du Qatar. L'\u00c9tat d'origine de Graham, la Caroline du Sud, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d'investissements significatifs en provenance du Qatar. Toutefois, la base de donn\u00e9es de la loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des agents \u00e9trangers (FARA) du DOJ ne contient pas les documents sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s entre Neale Creek et les repr\u00e9sentants du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019influence de Neale Creek d\u00e9passe le seul bureau de Graham. Depuis 2020, l\u2019entreprise a rencontr\u00e9 des interlocuteurs du Congr\u00e8s en personne, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, email et messages textes, et a vers\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 180 000 dollars \u00e0 des membres du Congr\u00e8s et \u00e0 des PAC affili\u00e9s. Les agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par Rubin Turnbull & Associates ont, ensemble, effectu\u00e9 les contributions les plus importantes aux groupes politiques, pour un montant d\u2019environ 225 000 dollars depuis 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si les communications de Neale Creek et King avec les membres du Congr\u00e8s ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement publiques, les documents issus d\u2019autres entreprises repr\u00e9sentant le Qatar apportent certains \u00e9clairages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, des documents diffus\u00e9s par des agents \u00e9trangers qataris employ\u00e9s par le cabinet Venable minimisent les liens de l\u2019\u00e9mirat avec les groupes terroristes tout en mettant en avant les avantages des investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par son fonds souverain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un de ces documents pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques indique, par exemple, que le Qatar est \u00ab un membre fondateur de la Coalition mondiale contre Daech \u00bb, mais ne mentionne pas que le fondateur d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda \u2013 pr\u00e9curseur de Daech \u2013 a trouv\u00e9 refuge en Irak gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un membre de la famille royale qatarie. De plus, le monarque qatari a fourni des passeports qataris ainsi qu\u2019un soutien financier d\u2019un million de dollars \u00e0 des militants d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda en Irak. Le Qatar est \u00e9galement l\u2019une des principales sources de financement du Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme Neale Creek, Venable verse aussi d\u2019importantes contributions aux membres du Congr\u00e8s qu\u2019il cherche ensuite \u00e0 influencer. Les documents de financement de campagnes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, depuis 2020, le PAC du cabinet a vers\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de dollars \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es aux dirigeants du Congr\u00e8s, toutes tendances politiques confondues.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Des dons de lobbyistes qataris soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques au Capitole","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"des-dons-de-lobbyistes-qataris-soulevent-des-preoccupations-ethiques-au-capitole","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_modified_gmt":"2025-05-26 14:58:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=7845","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6437,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-28 21:01:41","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des plages phosphorescentes qui brillent dans le noir. La premi\u00e8re piste de ski en plein air du golfe Persique. Des milliards d'arbres plant\u00e9s dans un pays domin\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sert. Des trains qui l\u00e9vitent. Le taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s par habitant. Des taxis volants propuls\u00e9s par des drones. Une lune artificielle. Une ville sans voiture et sans carbone construite en ligne droite au milieu du d\u00e9sert sur plus de 170 km. Des coccinelles-robots qui nettoient les maisons des r\u00e9sidents. Cette ville supplante la Silicon Valley en mati\u00e8re de technologie, Hollywood en mati\u00e8re de divertissement et la C\u00f4te d'Azur comme destination de vacances[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Le tout aliment\u00e9 par une \u00e9nergie 100% renouvelable. Trop beau pour \u00eatre vrai ? Peut-\u00eatre pas : Neom promet d'\u00eatre un \"projet pour demain dans lequel l'humanit\u00e9 progresse sans compromettre la sant\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un r\u00eave audacieux, ambitieux et \u00e9poustouflant de \"nouveau futur, celui de l'innovation dans les affaires, de la vivabilit\u00e9 et de la durabilit\u00e9<\/em>\" - NEOM (arabe : \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645), a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le prince saoudien Mohammad bin Salman en 2017 lors de l'explication du projet Vision 2030[3]<\/sup><\/a>, le plan visant \u00e0 la diversification \u00e9conomique, sociale et culturelle du pays, qui lui permettra de ne plus d\u00e9pendre du p\u00e9trole. La ville \u00e9cologique sera construite sur les rives de la mer Rouge, dans le d\u00e9sert au nord-ouest de l'Arabie saoudite, dans la province de Tabuk, s'\u00e9tendant vers l'\u00c9gypte et la Jordanie (reliant ainsi l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Europe), couvrant une superficie totale de plus de 26 500 km2 - une zone plus grande que l'ensemble du Kowe\u00eft ou d'Isra\u00ebl. Il co\u00fbtera plus de 500 milliards USD, financ\u00e9s par l'\u00c9tat et des investisseurs locaux et internationaux[4]<\/sup><\/a>. En 2018, l'\u00c9gypte a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle contribuait en vendant certains terrains[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEOM (qui signifie le \"nouvel avenir\"[6]<\/sup><\/a>) n'est pas seulement un lieu, c'est un \u00e9tat d'esprit. Il est con\u00e7u, construit et administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et environnementales ne soient pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9es. La ville est con\u00e7ue pour atteindre quatre objectifs majeurs: 1) diversifier l'\u00e9conomie saoudienne et s'assurer un r\u00f4le de premier plan dans le d\u00e9veloppement mondial; 2) devenir le domicile, le lieu de travail et le nouvel avenir de plus d'un million de personnes dans le monde; 3) introduire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 urbaine et fixer de nouvelles normes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, de protection de l'environnement et d'utilisation efficace et productive de la technologie; 4) inclure des centres de recherche, des sites de sport et de divertissement, des destinations touristiques - le tout \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle humaine: habitabilit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre[7]<\/sup><\/a>. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale: des cam\u00e9ras, des drones et des technologies de reconnaissance faciale sont pr\u00e9vus pour suivre tout le monde \u00e0 tout moment[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est divis\u00e9 en trois parties: THE LINE - une ville moderne con\u00e7ue dans le respect total de la nature; OXAGON - sa ville de fabrication et d'innovation ; TROJENA - la destination touristique de montagne qui offrira le premier ski en plein air du Golfe arabe. Tout sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par deux filiales de NEOM: ENOWA, la filiale de Neom cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2022 qui s'occupe d'\u00e9nergie, d'eau et d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et NEOM Tech & Digital Company[9]<\/sup><\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding NEOM Company d\u00e9veloppe le projet et est enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9tenue par le Fonds d'investissement public (PIF), le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plateforme XVRS[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui sous-tend toutes les fonctions et tous les services de NEOM a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement annonc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier \u00e0 Riyad, lors de LEAP 2022, le forum qui se veut le point de rencontre des plus grands groupes TECH internationaux. XVRS, fruit d'un investissement important de Neom Tech & Digital Co, sera test\u00e9 \u00e0 Neom et pourra \u00eatre achet\u00e9 par d'autres entreprises ou villes qui souhaitent adopter le mod\u00e8le saoudien d'\"humanisme technologique\", pour mettre en \u0153uvre des fonctions et des services. Malgr\u00e9 les doutes soulev\u00e9s par le projet, l'attente de sa r\u00e9alisation est tr\u00e8s forte[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Son PDG est Nadhmi Al-Nasr, qui a plus de 30 ans d'exp\u00e9rience chez Saudi Aramco[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Line - la ville verticale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le site de la nouvelle ville futuriste - NEOM[14]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La partie habit\u00e9e de Neom, qui peut accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 9 millions de personnes, sera construite en couches et en niveaux - une ligne droite \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9sert, large de 200 m\u00e8tres seulement et \u00e0 500 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, mais longue de 170 km. Pas de voitures, pas de routes, tout sera aliment\u00e9 par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 100% et 95% des terrains seront accessibles \u00e0 pied[15]<\/sup><\/a>. La ville verte verticale au climat id\u00e9al sera construite pour l'homme et autour de l'homme - plus heureux, plus prosp\u00e8re: 380 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d'ici 2030, et de nombreux co\u00fbts (tels que les assurances et l'entretien des voitures, l'essence, le stationnement, etc.) n'existeront pas. La ville qui favorise l'\u00e9ducation, la recherche et l'innovation; ici, les personnes talentueuses seront les bienvenues[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Shihabi, ancien banquier et fondateur de la Fondation Arabia, qui est membre du conseil consultatif de Neom depuis 2020[17]<\/sup><\/a>, explique que The Line sera construite par \u00e9tapes, bloc par bloc. \"Les gens disent que c'est un projet fou qui va co\u00fbter des milliards, mais il sera construit module par module pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/em>\" \u00c0 l'instar des \"super-blocs\" sans circulation de Barcelone, chaque place sera autosuffisante et contiendra des services tels que des magasins et des \u00e9coles, de sorte que tout ce dont vous avez besoin se trouve \u00e0 cinq minutes \u00e0 pied ou \u00e0 v\u00e9lo[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Une fois termin\u00e9e, la ligne sera parcourue par des trains hyper rapides, avec un temps de trajet maximum de 20 minutes. Les services automatis\u00e9s seront g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'intelligence artificielle[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le prince Mohammad bin Salman, pr\u00e9sident du conseil d'administration de NEOM, \"THE LINE permettra de relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels l'humanit\u00e9 est confront\u00e9e aujourd'hui dans la vie urbaine et mettra en lumi\u00e8re des modes de vie alternatifs. Nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les crises de l'environnement et de l'habitabilit\u00e9 qui frappent les villes du monde entier. NEOM est \u00e0 l'avant-garde de la recherche de solutions nouvelles et imaginatives pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes. NEOM dirige une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e des esprits les plus brillants dans les domaines de l'architecture, de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la construction pour faire de l'id\u00e9e de construire vers le haut une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\"[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxagon - la ville flottante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l'Oxagon, presque toute dans la mer[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OXAGON: la premi\u00e8re ville flottante sur l'eau - Le port et la plateforme logistique de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de NEOM, enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s, seront un lieu o\u00f9 les innovateurs et les entrepreneurs pourront acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le passage des id\u00e9es des laboratoires aux march\u00e9s; les usines du futur pour les produits du futur seront cr\u00e9\u00e9es ici. Une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement physique et num\u00e9rique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e offrira une connectivit\u00e9 portuaire et a\u00e9roportuaire mondiale in\u00e9gal\u00e9e[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Sept secteurs innovants: l'\u00e9nergie durable, la mobilit\u00e9 autonome, l'innovation dans le domaine de l'eau, la production alimentaire durable, la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre, la technologie et la fabrication num\u00e9riques (y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la technologie spatiale et la robotique) et les m\u00e9thodes de construction modernes, tous aliment\u00e9s par une \u00e9nergie 100 % propre et neutre en carbone[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Ils l'appellent l'industrie 4.0<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prince saoudien bin Salman est enthousiaste \u00e0 ce sujet: \"OXAGON sera le catalyseur de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la diversit\u00e9 dans le NEOM et le Royaume, ce qui nous permettra de r\u00e9aliser nos ambitions dans le cadre de Vision 2030. OXAGON contribuera \u00e0 red\u00e9finir l'approche globale du d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u00e0 l'avenir, en prot\u00e9geant l'environnement tout en cr\u00e9ant des emplois et de la croissance pour les NEOM. Il contribuera au commerce r\u00e9gional de l'Arabie saoudite et cr\u00e9era un nouveau point de convergence pour les flux commerciaux mondiaux. Cette nouvelle ville, construite autour de nouvelles industries innovantes, a commenc\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement et nous nous r\u00e9jouissons de son expansion rapide<\/em>\"[25]<\/sup><\/a>. Et il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des investisseurs qui croient au r\u00eave du prince et veulent lancer leurs propres projets au sein de l'Oxagon, en cr\u00e9ant des usines dot\u00e9es des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plus grande structure flottante du monde (plus de 7 km) est id\u00e9alement situ\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du canal de Suez, la porte d'entr\u00e9e pour la circulation des marchandises entre l'Europe et l'Asie, par laquelle transite environ 13% du commerce mondial[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Au c\u0153ur d'OXAGON se trouvera l'adoption de technologies de pointe telles que l'Internet des objets (IoT), la fusion homme-machine, l'intelligence artificielle et pr\u00e9dictive et la robotique, le tout coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de centres de distribution enti\u00e8rement automatis\u00e9s et de v\u00e9hicules autonomes de livraison du dernier kilom\u00e8tre[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge, Neom a annonc\u00e9 une collaboration avec Kaust Innovation (un centre saoudien de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement en technologie de pointe[28]<\/sup><\/a>) pour le plus grand projet de restauration de r\u00e9cifs coralliens au monde[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement d'OXAGON est en bonne voie et des plans pour de grandes installations de production sont en cours. Ces installations comprennent le plus grand projet d'hydrog\u00e8ne vert du monde (5 milliards de dollars), auquel participent Air Products, ACWA Power et NEOM[30]<\/sup><\/a>; l'usine de construction modulaire la plus grande et la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde (Gulf Development International Ltd[31]<\/sup><\/a>) et le plus grand centre de donn\u00e9es hyperscale de la r\u00e9gion, une coentreprise entre FAS Energy Co. et NEOM[32]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est ici, \u00e0 Oxagon, que sera install\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me unique de dessalement de l'eau de mer qui fournira (d\u00e8s 2023) une eau pure et potable, le tout aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 100 % par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (solaire et \u00e9olienne), construit par Enowa, le japonais Itochu et le g\u00e9ant fran\u00e7ais Veolia[33]<\/sup><\/a>. Les premiers locataires productifs seront accueillis d\u00e8s la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Sur les 48 km2 d'Oxagon, 90 000 personnes vivront (les premi\u00e8res en 2024) et 70 000 emplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - les montagnes de NEOM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trojena - une destination unique au monde<\/sub><\/strong>[36]<\/sup><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojena fait partie du plan r\u00e9gional NEOM et est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 50 km de la c\u00f4te du Golfe d'Aqaba, avec une altitude comprise entre 1500 et 2600 m\u00e8tres et une superficie de pr\u00e8s de 60 km2. La zone la plus fascinante de Neom offrira des exp\u00e9riences uniques : il y aura six districts de d\u00e9veloppement (Gateway, Discover, Valley, Explore, Relax and Fun[37]<\/sup><\/a>) organis\u00e9s autour de structures architecturales r\u00e9elles et virtuelles[38]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet, qui proposera toute l'ann\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s de ski de plein air, de sports d'aventure, de sports nautiques, de randonn\u00e9e, de VTT et un luxueux village vertical de haute technologie (le \"Vault\") autour d'un magnifique lac d'eau douce, sera achev\u00e9 en 2026. Le complexe comprendra des appartements, des chalets et des villas, ainsi que des h\u00f4tels allant de l'ultra-luxe \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience, au bien-\u00eatre et \u00e0 la famille. En outre, il y aura un large \u00e9ventail de commerces, de loisirs et de restaurants. TROJENA pr\u00e9voit d'attirer 700 000 visiteurs et 700 r\u00e9sidents permanents d'ici 2030[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2022, Mohammed Bin Salman, l'a d\u00e9crit comme suit: \"TROJENA red\u00e9finira le tourisme de montagne dans le monde en cr\u00e9ant un lieu bas\u00e9 sur les principes de l'\u00e9cotourisme, en soulignant nos efforts pour pr\u00e9server la nature et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la communaut\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs de la Vision 2030 du Royaume. Elle confirme \u00e9galement notre engagement \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l'effort mondial de protection de l'environnement. TROJENA sera un atout important pour le tourisme dans la r\u00e9gion, un exemple unique de la mani\u00e8re dont l'Arabie saoudite cr\u00e9e des destinations bas\u00e9es sur sa diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et environnementale. Cette vision prospective permettra de garantir que le tourisme de montagne repr\u00e9sente une autre source de revenus pour soutenir la diversification \u00e9conomique du Royaume, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures<\/em>\"[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions tribales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti a mis en ligne des vid\u00e9os dans lesquelles il disait s'attendre \u00e0 \u00eatre tu\u00e9[41]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet est fabuleux, moderne, innovant, mais il y a toujours un \"mais\". Sous le vernis du luxe se cache une histoire de menaces, d'expulsions forc\u00e9es et d'effusions de sang[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Le site sera construit sur les terres de l'ancienne tribu Huwaitat (ou Howeitat), une tribu b\u00e9douine fi\u00e8re, ancienne et traditionnellement nomade qui vit depuis des centaines d'ann\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la fronti\u00e8re arabo-jordanienne et dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'histoire comme des guerriers intr\u00e9pides, ils ont combattu aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de T. E. Lawrence lors de la r\u00e9volte arabe de 1917, qui les a mentionn\u00e9s dans ses m\u00e9moires \u00e9piques, Seven Pillars of Wisdom[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pour la tribu Huwaitat, Neom est construit sur notre sang, sur nos os<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la militante Alia Hayel Aboutiyah al-Huwaiti. \"Ce n'est certainement pas pour les personnes qui y vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0! C'est pour les touristes, pour les gens qui ont de l'argent. Mais pas pour les gens qui y vivent<\/em>\"[44]<\/sup><\/a>. Le projet promet de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des richesses dans cette r\u00e9gion sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, mais jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, la population locale n'en a vu aucun avantage[45]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des semaines apr\u00e8s l'annonce de Neom en 2017, les habitants de la r\u00e9gion sont all\u00e9s voir le gouverneur r\u00e9gional pour lui demander s'ils seraient relocalis\u00e9s - il a r\u00e9pondu qu'il ne pouvait pas les aider. Ce n'est pas rare dans le Royaume - le d\u00e9placement des r\u00e9sidents dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat des projets de travaux publics. En 2017, les Nations unies ont condamn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition forc\u00e9e de la ville fortifi\u00e9e d'Awamia, dans la r\u00e9gion orientale de Qatif, comme une violation des droits de l'homme. Karima Bennoune, rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits culturels, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \"les b\u00e2timents historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement br\u00fbl\u00e9s et endommag\u00e9s par l'utilisation de diverses armes par les militaires, obligeant les r\u00e9sidents \u00e0 quitter leurs maisons et leur quartier, fuyant pour sauver leur vie<\/em>\"[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le conseil a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que certains des r\u00e9sidents pourraient peut-\u00eatre rester s'ils \u00e9taient recycl\u00e9s pour avoir les comp\u00e9tences appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 Neom. Les personnes concern\u00e9es recevront des compensations et des avantages, ainsi que de \"nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\" dans le royaume[47]<\/sup><\/a>, y compris un programme de bourses pour \"acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour faire partie de la vision de Neom<\/em>\", selon les d\u00e9clarations officielles[48]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Panneaux photovolta\u00efques dans le d\u00e9sert d'Huwaitat[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le d\u00e9veloppement de Neom, le gouvernement saoudien a supprim\u00e9 deux villes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force 20 000 membres de la tribu Huwaitat, sans compensation[50]<\/sup><\/a>. Un plan de relocalisation \u00e9tabli par le Boston Consulting Group pr\u00e9voyait une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance jusqu'en 2025. Press\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Salman de faire vite, la date a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e \u00e0 2022. Les habitants disent qu'ils n'ont entendu que des rumeurs. Certains disent que le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement serait d\u00e9vastateur. \"Vous d\u00e9membrez une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re. Pour nous, c'est comme mourir<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'un d'entre eux[51]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En avril 2020, un fonctionnaire du minist\u00e8re des Finances[52]<\/sup><\/a> a refus\u00e9 d'\u00eatre expuls\u00e9 de sa maison \u00e0 Tabuk et a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 poster des vid\u00e9os en ligne. Quelques jours plus tard, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 saoudiennes, comme il l'avait pr\u00e9dit dans l'une de ses vid\u00e9os[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Plusieurs autres membres de tribus b\u00e9douines, qui poss\u00e8dent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des armes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s pour avoir diffus\u00e9 des slogans contre le d\u00e9placement et pour avoir refus\u00e9 de signer des documents de relocalisation[54]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une militante saoudienne des droits de l'homme, Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti, qui vit aujourd'hui \u00e0 Londres, affirme avoir re\u00e7u des menaces de mort par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pour avoir sensibilis\u00e9 l'opinion internationale au sujet de la ville futuriste de Neom. Mme Alhwaiti a ajout\u00e9 qu'elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9e de subir \"le m\u00eame sort que Jamal Khashoggi<\/em>\"[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les choses sont vraiment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image satellite d'une place du projet Neom dans le d\u00e9sert (octobre 2020)[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site web de Neom affirme que la premi\u00e8re phase du projet sera achev\u00e9e en 2025[57]<\/sup><\/a>. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour l'instant, est plus modeste. Une image satellite montre actuellement qu'une seule place a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans le d\u00e9sert. En plus des rang\u00e9es de maisons, il y a deux piscines et un terrain de football. Ali Shihabi affirme que c'est le camp du personnel de Neom, mais nous ne sommes pas sur place pour le v\u00e9rifier[58]<\/sup><\/a>. La plus grande inqui\u00e9tude concerne la durabilit\u00e9 du projet: sera-t-elle vraiment \"la ville la plus autosuffisante du monde en mati\u00e8re d'alimentation\"? Le projet pr\u00e9voit l'utilisation de serres et la culture verticale, une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire pour un pays dont seulement 1,5% de la superficie totale est class\u00e9e comme arable et qui importe actuellement plus de 80% de sa nourriture. Idem pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables: le projet pr\u00e9voit que 50% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 proviendra de sources renouvelables d'ici 2030, mais en 2019, seulement 0,1% de l'\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re propre[59]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les critiques affirment que le projet s'adresse principalement aux riches. Des palais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour la famille royale, et des images satellites montrent un h\u00e9liport et un terrain de golf. Ali Shihabi affirme que la ville accueillera tout le monde, \"des travailleurs aux milliardaires<\/em>\", mais admet que ce n'est pas ainsi qu'elle est per\u00e7ue: \"le probl\u00e8me de Neom est qu'elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans sa strat\u00e9gie de communication<\/em>\", dit-il. \"Les gens pensent que c'est juste un jouet pour les gens riches<\/em>\"[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont longtemps \u00e9vit\u00e9 d'investir dans le pays en raison d'un syst\u00e8me juridique opaque, impr\u00e9visible et fond\u00e9 sur la religion, de la corruption et des restrictions sociales qui interdisent l'alcool et exigent que les femmes aient la permission d'un parent masculin pour voyager. Le prince bin Salman a constat\u00e9 que ces structures \u00e9taient si bien ancr\u00e9es qu'il \u00e9tait plus facile de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle ville avec de nouvelles lois que de modifier les lois existantes. En fait, dans la nouvelle ville, il est propos\u00e9 d'autoriser l'alcool et la t\u00eate nue des femmes, ce qui est une proposition surprenante pour l'Arabie saoudite conservatrice[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction de Neom n\u00e9cessite de l'argent que l'Arabie Saoudite n'a pas. Le pays a r\u00e9cemment connu un d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et MBS a mis\u00e9 sur un investissement de 45 milliards de dollars dans un fonds de Softbank Group Corp, une entreprise technologique japonaise[62]<\/sup><\/a>. L'argent pour Neom doit donc provenir de l'\u00e9tranger[63]<\/sup><\/a>. Il faut attirer les grandes entreprises occidentales. En 2017, le conseil d'administration de Neom a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de garantir \u00e0 Tesla Inc. des milliards d'achats annuels aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement en \u00e9change du transfert par Tesla de la production de voitures \u00e0 Neom - et de la vente d'une participation dans le royaume. En 2018, le fonds souverain d'Arabie saoudite a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 2 milliards de dollars pour acheter 5% de Tesla[64]<\/sup><\/a>. Le PDG Elon Musk a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il allait introduire Tesla en bourse avec l'aide de l'Arabie saoudite, mais il a fait marche arri\u00e8re et a affirm\u00e9 qu'il n'avait pas l'intention de le faire[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ce jour, le projet a gagn\u00e9 quelques partenaires importants tels que : McLaren Racing (avec un nouveau programme de course \u00e9lectrique), Mercedes-EQ (\u00e9quipe de Formule E, un g\u00e9ant de l'industrie automobile avec des id\u00e9es d'innovations durables), AFC (Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration asiatique de football) et OceanX (exploration de parties inaccessibles de l'oc\u00e9an, pour pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la mer Rouge)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref, les investisseurs internationaux n'ont pas encore mordu \u00e0 l'hame\u00e7on. Le champ d'application du projet est vaste et la r\u00e9gion dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 de centres commerciaux et de transport bien \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et au Qatar. Neom est inextricablement li\u00e9 au prince h\u00e9ritier, qui, en tant que dirigeant de facto du royaume, s'est attir\u00e9 les foudres de la guerre saoudienne au Y\u00e9men et de ses liens pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avec le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi[67]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement construit \u00e0 ce jour: presque rien[68]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Les investisseurs commenceront \u00e0 s'int\u00e9resser lorsque l'infrastructure de base sera op\u00e9rationnelle, afin qu'ils ne prennent pas le risque absolu du green-field<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une source financi\u00e8re famili\u00e8re du projet. En 2017, le PDG du groupe Softbank a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'entreprise travaillerait avec l'Arabie saoudite pour d\u00e9velopper NEOM[69]<\/sup><\/a>. Le fonds souverain saoudien PIF a investi environ 45 milliards de dollars dans le fonds technologique japonais inaugural de Softbank, dot\u00e9 de 100 milliards de dollars[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re phase du projet, qui s'\u00e9tendra jusqu'en 2030, co\u00fbtera 1,2 billion de riyals, dont la moiti\u00e9 environ sera couverte par le Fonds d'investissement public (FIP). Les responsables chercheront \u00e0 lever 600 milliards de riyals suppl\u00e9mentaires aupr\u00e8s d'autres fonds souverains de la r\u00e9gion, d'investisseurs priv\u00e9s en Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, ainsi que par une introduction en bourse de Neom sur le march\u00e9 saoudien[71]<\/sup><\/a>: \"Nous voulons faire entrer l'Arabie saoudite parmi les trois plus grands march\u00e9s boursiers de la plan\u00e8te<\/em>\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le prince Mohammed, ajoutant qu'il s'attend \u00e0 ce que l'introduction en bourse de Neom ait lieu vers 2024[72]<\/sup><\/a> et qu'elle pourrait ajouter plus de 1 000 milliards de riyals \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9 du royaume. Neom commencera \u00e0 contacter les principaux investisseurs potentiels d'ici la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. Les responsables discutent avec des entreprises \"de toute la plan\u00e8te\" et de nombreuses entreprises chinoises travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Neom[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 son programme Vision 2030, l'Arabie saoudite a promis d'augmenter sa production de p\u00e9trole quelques semaines seulement apr\u00e8s avoir pris des engagements \u00e9cologiques majeurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence sur le climat COP26 de cette ann\u00e9e (qui promettait des \u00e9missions nettes nulles d'ici 2060). Selon le ministre de l'\u00c9nergie, le prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, les Saoudiens ne cesseront pas de pomper: \"Nous serons toujours le dernier homme debout et chaque mol\u00e9cule d'hydrocarbure sortira<\/em>\"[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e7a, c'est du blabla. Le prince Bin Salman a beaucoup mis\u00e9, et pas seulement sur le plan financier. Si le projet devait avorter, il est difficile d'imaginer que son pouvoir sortirait intact d'une telle crise, notamment parce que les dettes de plusieurs milliards contract\u00e9es devront de toute fa\u00e7on \u00eatre rembours\u00e9es. Pour lui, il n'y a qu'une seule direction: aller de l'avant, peu importe le prix. Peu importe \u00e0 qui appartient la peau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site del progetto: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-41740626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/56096\/NEOM-A-new-channel-for-Egyptian-Saudi-cooperation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/v2030\/v2030-projects\/neom\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/about<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1443891\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/cognitive.neom.com\/insight\/neom-tech-and-digital-co-unveils-xvrs.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1349021\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-announces-theline-designs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/alishihabi.com\/bio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/theline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/lindro.it\/canale-di-suez-ever-given-il-peggior-scenario-del-commercio-mondiale\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/innovation.kaust.edu.sa\/neom-and-kaust-to-create-worlds-largest-coral-garden\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.airproducts.com\/news-center\/2020\/07\/0707-air-products-agreement-for-green-ammonia-production-facility-for-export-to-hydrogen-market<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/neom-agrees-to-1b-giga-factory-with-gulf-development-international-ltd-301305522.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/italianbusinessgroup.net\/it\/neom-il-giga-progetto-saudita\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-oxagon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/oxagon<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Official web-site: https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/regions\/trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/newsroom\/hrh-prince-announces-trojena<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a> ; https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/neom-forms-joint-venture-with-fas-energy-to-develop-data-centers-in-saudi-arabia\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/04\/its-being-built-on-our-blood-the-true-cost-of-saudi-arabia-5bn-mega-city-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.moderntreatise.com\/international\/tag\/Huwaitat+tribe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/menarights.org\/en\/caseprofile\/abdul-rahim-al-huwaiti-executed-saudi-special-forces-protesting-forced-eviction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/arabia-saudita-nuovo-problema-per-neom-la-tribu-huwaitat\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52375343<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/earth.google.com\/web\/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171117200358\/http:\/\/discoverneom.com\/content\/pdfs\/NEOM_FAQS_ENGLISH.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/bestfoodimporters.com\/food-importers-and-food-import-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2020\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/15\/tech\/softbank-stock-saudi-arabia\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/a-princes-500-billion-desert-dream-flying-cars-robot-dinosaurs-and-a-giant-artificial-moon-11564097568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/partners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.artstation.com\/marketplace\/p\/PWyOa\/saudi-arabia-topography-n25e36-neom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-neom-idUSKBN2AW1HY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/business\/economy\/2021\/12\/06\/PIF-s-partnership-with-SoftBank<\/a> ; https:\/\/agsiw.org\/public-investment-fund-grows-bets-big-on-tech\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-neom-listing-by-2024-aims-to-be-among-the-top-three-global-stock-markets\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/international\/saudi-prince-plans-80-billion-fund-ipo-for-zero-carbon-city-neom-122072601429_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59601335<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le r\u00eave saoudien d'une ville dans le d\u00e9sert","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-reve-saoudien-dune-ville-dans-le-desert","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6437","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":6},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Cette d\u00e9claration a fait la une des journaux en juin 2025, lorsque le s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz a admis que les \u00c9tats-Unis soutenaient les actions militaires d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui qualifi\u00e9 de menace iranienne. Cette r\u00e9v\u00e9lation explicite, faite lors d\u2019une interview controvers\u00e9e avec l\u2019ancien animateur de Fox News Tucker Carlson, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une vive pol\u00e9mique sur le soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl en pleine guerre Isra\u00ebl-Iran. Le ton extr\u00eame de Cruz, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une m\u00e9connaissance inqui\u00e9tante de l\u2019Iran, a mis en lumi\u00e8re les divisions internes au sein de l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump et soulev\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les processus d\u00e9cisionnels am\u00e9ricains en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"Le ralentissement et l\u2019obstacle : comment les proc\u00e9dures migratoires alimentent l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-ralentissement-et-lobstacle-comment-les-procedures-migratoires-alimentent-lanxiete-de-citoyennete-aux-etats-unis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8279","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8094,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_content":"\n

Cette d\u00e9claration a fait la une des journaux en juin 2025, lorsque le s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz a admis que les \u00c9tats-Unis soutenaient les actions militaires d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui qualifi\u00e9 de menace iranienne. Cette r\u00e9v\u00e9lation explicite, faite lors d\u2019une interview controvers\u00e9e avec l\u2019ancien animateur de Fox News Tucker Carlson, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une vive pol\u00e9mique sur le soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl en pleine guerre Isra\u00ebl-Iran. Le ton extr\u00eame de Cruz, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une m\u00e9connaissance inqui\u00e9tante de l\u2019Iran, a mis en lumi\u00e8re les divisions internes au sein de l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump et soulev\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les processus d\u00e9cisionnels am\u00e9ricains en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Le chemin vers la citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas uniquement une proc\u00e9dure l\u00e9gale : c\u2019est une exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue, fond\u00e9e sur la transparence, la dignit\u00e9 et le sentiment d\u2019appartenance. Lorsque ce parcours devient une attente ind\u00e9finie, la promesse am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019\u00e9rode. L\u2019issue des d\u00e9bats en cours dira beaucoup sur la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00c9tats-Unis entendent red\u00e9finir leur identit\u00e9 nationale et leur place dans un monde interconnect\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"Le ralentissement et l\u2019obstacle : comment les proc\u00e9dures migratoires alimentent l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-ralentissement-et-lobstacle-comment-les-procedures-migratoires-alimentent-lanxiete-de-citoyennete-aux-etats-unis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8279","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8094,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_content":"\n

Cette d\u00e9claration a fait la une des journaux en juin 2025, lorsque le s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz a admis que les \u00c9tats-Unis soutenaient les actions militaires d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui qualifi\u00e9 de menace iranienne. Cette r\u00e9v\u00e9lation explicite, faite lors d\u2019une interview controvers\u00e9e avec l\u2019ancien animateur de Fox News Tucker Carlson, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une vive pol\u00e9mique sur le soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl en pleine guerre Isra\u00ebl-Iran. Le ton extr\u00eame de Cruz, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une m\u00e9connaissance inqui\u00e9tante de l\u2019Iran, a mis en lumi\u00e8re les divisions internes au sein de l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump et soulev\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les processus d\u00e9cisionnels am\u00e9ricains en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Le ralentissement de l\u2019immigration en 2025 refl\u00e8te un conflit plus profond<\/a> dans les institutions am\u00e9ricaines : comment \u00e9quilibrer souverainet\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et inclusion ? Si le mod\u00e8le s\u00e9curitaire s\u00e9duit une partie de l\u2019\u00e9lectorat, il risque d\u2019ali\u00e9ner ceux qui aspirent \u00e0 la r\u00e9gularisation et \u00e0 une participation civique l\u00e9gitime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le chemin vers la citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas uniquement une proc\u00e9dure l\u00e9gale : c\u2019est une exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue, fond\u00e9e sur la transparence, la dignit\u00e9 et le sentiment d\u2019appartenance. Lorsque ce parcours devient une attente ind\u00e9finie, la promesse am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019\u00e9rode. L\u2019issue des d\u00e9bats en cours dira beaucoup sur la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00c9tats-Unis entendent red\u00e9finir leur identit\u00e9 nationale et leur place dans un monde interconnect\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"Le ralentissement et l\u2019obstacle : comment les proc\u00e9dures migratoires alimentent l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-ralentissement-et-lobstacle-comment-les-procedures-migratoires-alimentent-lanxiete-de-citoyennete-aux-etats-unis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8279","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8094,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_content":"\n

Cette d\u00e9claration a fait la une des journaux en juin 2025, lorsque le s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz a admis que les \u00c9tats-Unis soutenaient les actions militaires d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui qualifi\u00e9 de menace iranienne. Cette r\u00e9v\u00e9lation explicite, faite lors d\u2019une interview controvers\u00e9e avec l\u2019ancien animateur de Fox News Tucker Carlson, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une vive pol\u00e9mique sur le soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl en pleine guerre Isra\u00ebl-Iran. Le ton extr\u00eame de Cruz, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une m\u00e9connaissance inqui\u00e9tante de l\u2019Iran, a mis en lumi\u00e8re les divisions internes au sein de l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump et soulev\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les processus d\u00e9cisionnels am\u00e9ricains en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

\u00c9quilibrer S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et Confiance dans le Chemin vers la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le ralentissement de l\u2019immigration en 2025 refl\u00e8te un conflit plus profond<\/a> dans les institutions am\u00e9ricaines : comment \u00e9quilibrer souverainet\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et inclusion ? Si le mod\u00e8le s\u00e9curitaire s\u00e9duit une partie de l\u2019\u00e9lectorat, il risque d\u2019ali\u00e9ner ceux qui aspirent \u00e0 la r\u00e9gularisation et \u00e0 une participation civique l\u00e9gitime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le chemin vers la citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas uniquement une proc\u00e9dure l\u00e9gale : c\u2019est une exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue, fond\u00e9e sur la transparence, la dignit\u00e9 et le sentiment d\u2019appartenance. Lorsque ce parcours devient une attente ind\u00e9finie, la promesse am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019\u00e9rode. L\u2019issue des d\u00e9bats en cours dira beaucoup sur la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00c9tats-Unis entendent red\u00e9finir leur identit\u00e9 nationale et leur place dans un monde interconnect\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"Le ralentissement et l\u2019obstacle : comment les proc\u00e9dures migratoires alimentent l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-ralentissement-et-lobstacle-comment-les-procedures-migratoires-alimentent-lanxiete-de-citoyennete-aux-etats-unis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-24 19:24:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8279","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8094,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-20 10:48:20","post_content":"\n

Cette d\u00e9claration a fait la une des journaux en juin 2025, lorsque le s\u00e9nateur Ted Cruz a admis que les \u00c9tats-Unis soutenaient les actions militaires d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui qualifi\u00e9 de menace iranienne. Cette r\u00e9v\u00e9lation explicite, faite lors d\u2019une interview controvers\u00e9e avec l\u2019ancien animateur de Fox News Tucker Carlson, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une vive pol\u00e9mique sur le soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl en pleine guerre Isra\u00ebl-Iran. Le ton extr\u00eame de Cruz, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une m\u00e9connaissance inqui\u00e9tante de l\u2019Iran, a mis en lumi\u00e8re les divisions internes au sein de l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump et soulev\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les processus d\u00e9cisionnels am\u00e9ricains en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faits, d\u00e9clarations et tensions autour des propos de Cruz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9clarations de Cruz et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019implication am\u00e9ricaine au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont confront\u00e9s les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en 2025, m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We love watching them eat their own.
Bonus: Ted Cruz slips up and admits America has her hand in the Israel\/Iran conflict. https:\/\/t.co\/2PT1Eo1Dty<\/a><\/p>— Lincoln Square (@LincolnSquareHQ) June 18, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n
\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n
\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

Page 6 of 8 1 … 5 6 7 8
\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Pression des acteurs industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Imp\u00e9ratifs \u00e9conomiques et politique d\u2019exportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pression des acteurs industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Mais cette r\u00e9autorisation ravive \u00e9galement les craintes persistantes concernant l\u2019utilisation abusive de technologies avanc\u00e9es par des concurrents strat\u00e9giques. Ces puces ne servent pas uniquement \u00e0 des applications commerciales, elles sont aussi cruciales pour les syst\u00e8mes militaires. Ce dilemme de priorit\u00e9s contradictoires illustre \u00e0 quel point il est difficile pour les \u00c9tats-Unis de concilier domination \u00e9conomique et sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 technologique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imp\u00e9ratifs \u00e9conomiques et politique d\u2019exportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pression des acteurs industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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Les enjeux \u00e9conomiques de ce revirement sont consid\u00e9rables. Nvidia tire environ 13\u202f% de son chiffre d\u2019affaires de la Chine, soit environ 15\u202fmilliards de dollars de ventes potentielles rien qu\u2019en 2025. AMD pourrait \u00e9galement regagner une part importante du march\u00e9 asiatique. Les lobbys industriels ont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 l\u2019annulation partielle des restrictions comme une victoire, arguant que des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation excessifs risquaient de freiner l\u2019innovation, de fragmenter les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement et de nuire \u00e0 la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 mondiale dans un contexte de forte demande en IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cette r\u00e9autorisation ravive \u00e9galement les craintes persistantes concernant l\u2019utilisation abusive de technologies avanc\u00e9es par des concurrents strat\u00e9giques. Ces puces ne servent pas uniquement \u00e0 des applications commerciales, elles sont aussi cruciales pour les syst\u00e8mes militaires. Ce dilemme de priorit\u00e9s contradictoires illustre \u00e0 quel point il est difficile pour les \u00c9tats-Unis de concilier domination \u00e9conomique et sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 technologique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imp\u00e9ratifs \u00e9conomiques et politique d\u2019exportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pression des acteurs industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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En juillet 2025, l'administration Trump<\/a> a lev\u00e9 son interdiction pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente d\u2019exporter des puces IA haute performance vers la Chine et a autoris\u00e9 l\u2019envoi de produits tels que les puces Nvidia H20 et AMD MI308 \u00e0 certains clients chinois. Trois mois seulement apr\u00e8s la mise en \u0153uvre des premi\u00e8res restrictions, cette d\u00e9cision a profond\u00e9ment modifi\u00e9 la politique commerciale am\u00e9ricaine, le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et les pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les enjeux \u00e9conomiques de ce revirement sont consid\u00e9rables. Nvidia tire environ 13\u202f% de son chiffre d\u2019affaires de la Chine, soit environ 15\u202fmilliards de dollars de ventes potentielles rien qu\u2019en 2025. AMD pourrait \u00e9galement regagner une part importante du march\u00e9 asiatique. Les lobbys industriels ont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 l\u2019annulation partielle des restrictions comme une victoire, arguant que des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation excessifs risquaient de freiner l\u2019innovation, de fragmenter les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement et de nuire \u00e0 la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 mondiale dans un contexte de forte demande en IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cette r\u00e9autorisation ravive \u00e9galement les craintes persistantes concernant l\u2019utilisation abusive de technologies avanc\u00e9es par des concurrents strat\u00e9giques. Ces puces ne servent pas uniquement \u00e0 des applications commerciales, elles sont aussi cruciales pour les syst\u00e8mes militaires. Ce dilemme de priorit\u00e9s contradictoires illustre \u00e0 quel point il est difficile pour les \u00c9tats-Unis de concilier domination \u00e9conomique et sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 technologique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imp\u00e9ratifs \u00e9conomiques et politique d\u2019exportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pression des acteurs industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e9ants technologiques am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premiers \u00e0 protester contre les premi\u00e8res restrictions impos\u00e9es en avril 2025. Le PDG de Nvidia, Jensen Huang, a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 directement avec les hauts responsables de l\u2019administration Trump, rencontrant des repr\u00e9sentants commerciaux am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 Washington, mais aussi des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019industrie ont estim\u00e9 que les interdictions nuisaient non seulement aux profits des entreprises, mais \u00e9galement au syst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation national, puisque les revenus issus des ventes mondiales servent \u00e0 financer la R&D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce revirement repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement la reconnaissance du fait que le march\u00e9 des semi-conducteurs ne peut \u00eatre abord\u00e9 uniquement sous l\u2019angle de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ; il constitue un pilier de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Des investisseurs en capital-risque, des groupes de pression \u00e9conomiques et des \u00e9lus des deux bords au Congr\u00e8s ont plaid\u00e9 contre des interdictions globales, avertissant qu\u2019une intervention excessive pourrait cr\u00e9er un vide technologique combl\u00e9 par les concurrents \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valeur strat\u00e9gique du march\u00e9 chinois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec plus de 5\u202f000 entreprises et un march\u00e9 estim\u00e9 \u00e0 84\u202fmilliards de dollars, la Chine reste un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts am\u00e9ricains pour d\u00e9coupler les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement critiques, P\u00e9kin demeure un client principal pour les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs IA de milieu de gamme. L\u2019autorisation d\u2019exporter des puces dites de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb \u2013 moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires \u2013 permet aux \u00c9tats-Unis de maintenir leur puissance \u00e9conomique tout en limitant les implications strat\u00e9giques directes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les applications commerciales et militaires sont de plus en plus entrem\u00eal\u00e9es. Des v\u00e9hicules autonomes aux syst\u00e8mes de ciblage militaire, les puces IA peuvent alimenter une large gamme d\u2019applications. Les r\u00e9gulateurs peinent \u00e0 tracer des distinctions fonctionnelles claires, tant la convergence technologique est rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou diplomatie : un \u00e9quilibre instable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et critiques bipartites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont vivement r\u00e9agi contre la lev\u00e9e partielle de l\u2019interdiction. Une coalition d\u2019anciens responsables du renseignement et de conseillers en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de \u00ab recul significatif \u00bb, avertissant que m\u00eame des exportations limit\u00e9es pourraient permettre \u00e0 la Chine d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes IA de prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la surveillance, \u00e0 la cyberguerre ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9lus des deux partis ont partag\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes. Le repr\u00e9sentant Raja Krishnamoorthi a soulign\u00e9 que \u00ab la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ne devrait jamais \u00eatre n\u00e9gociable \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un r\u00e9publicain du comit\u00e9 des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a qualifi\u00e9 ce revirement de \u00ab myope \u00bb. Ces r\u00e9actions traduisent une pr\u00e9occupation plus large selon laquelle l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence dans l\u2019application des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation pourrait affaiblir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des mesures de protection technologique am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flexibilit\u00e9 politique et strat\u00e9gie diplomatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces avertissements, la d\u00e9cision est largement per\u00e7ue comme un geste diplomatique. Elle co\u00efncide avec une nouvelle phase de n\u00e9gociations entre Washington et P\u00e9kin, avant un sommet Trump-Xi pr\u00e9vu pour la fin de 2025. En assouplissant partiellement les contr\u00f4les, les responsables am\u00e9ricains cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat plus coop\u00e9ratif pour aborder les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres commerciaux et les conflits tarifaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire au Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a reconnu la complexit\u00e9 de la gestion des contr\u00f4les d\u2019exportation dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel, d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les outils politiques doivent s\u2019adapter au paysage strat\u00e9gique \u00bb. Le secr\u00e9taire au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent, a ajout\u00e9 que les exportations de puces \u00e9taient \u00ab des leviers, pas des lignes rouges \u00bb. Ces propos illustrent un changement strat\u00e9gique pragmatique, alliant rigueur r\u00e9glementaire et souplesse diplomatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9nateur Chris Coons a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le dilemme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Maintenir le leadership technologique am\u00e9ricain suppose de prot\u00e9ger nos innovations essentielles sans bloquer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable au march\u00e9 \u2013 ce revirement de politique montre combien il est difficile d\u2019atteindre cet \u00e9quilibre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/ChrisCoons\/status\/1949963521443192836\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impact industriel et r\u00e9ponse strat\u00e9gique chinoise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rebond des actions technologiques am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du revirement, les actions de Nvidia et AMD ont bondi de plus de 4\u202f% en une seule s\u00e9ance. Ce changement de cap a non seulement rouvert l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, mais il a aussi r\u00e9duit l\u2019incertitude des investisseurs sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exportation \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains, cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9tablit une source de revenus cruciale pour maintenir leur position dans le secteur du calcul haute performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cadres et responsables de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9galement salu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire retrouv\u00e9e. De nombreuses entreprises avaient suspendu leurs exp\u00e9ditions et report\u00e9 leurs partenariats. Le nouveau cadre permet de reprendre les ventes des unit\u00e9s approuv\u00e9es sous la classification de la \u00ab zone verte \u00bb, mais avec des exigences de conformit\u00e9 accrues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strat\u00e9gie duale de la Chine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des entreprises chinoises telles que DAMO Academy (Alibaba) ou AI Cloud (Baidu) ont r\u00e9agi avec un optimisme prudent, tout en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leurs investissements dans la R&D nationale des semi-conducteurs pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance aux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains. Le minist\u00e8re chinois de l\u2019Industrie et des Technologies de l\u2019Information a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son objectif de 70\u202f% d\u2019autosuffisance en puces avanc\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030. Cela indique que m\u00eame des avanc\u00e9es commerciales temporaires ne ralentiront pas le programme technologique national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du point de vue de P\u00e9kin, ce revirement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tactique politique, et non comme une concession strat\u00e9gique. L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de localiser les technologies critiques reste inchang\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 l\u2019assouplissement imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et commerce : une navigation incertaine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir de la politique am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019exportation d\u00e9pendra de sa souplesse et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse. La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, qui distingue les puces de pointe \u00e0 vocation militaire des composants commerciaux de milieu de gamme, n\u00e9cessitera une surveillance continue. Tout abus ou r\u00e9exportation non autoris\u00e9e pourrait provoquer des sanctions l\u00e9gislatives et nuire \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation des \u00c9tats-Unis sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Bureau of Industry and Security tente d\u2019\u00e9largir les crit\u00e8res techniques et d\u2019int\u00e9grer des outils d\u2019apprentissage automatique dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Parall\u00e8lement, des \u00e9lus bipartisans plaident pour des audits plus stricts, notamment via des observateurs tiers dans les march\u00e9s sensibles. Ces efforts soulignent la complexit\u00e9 institutionnelle croissante pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019innovation en IA sans freiner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une rivalit\u00e9 technologique renouvel\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le revirement de 2025 marque une nouvelle<\/a> \u00e9tape dans la rivalit\u00e9 technologique sino-am\u00e9ricaine. Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019exportation des puces devient une question centrale dans la comp\u00e9tition pour la supr\u00e9matie dans les domaines de l\u2019IA, de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des armes autonomes. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs n\u2019est plus seulement un champ \u00e9conomique, mais un levier g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, maintenir leur avance technologique exige une approche multi-niveaux : combiner restrictions d\u2019exportation, alliances gouvernement-industrie, et partenariats internationaux. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9terminera non seulement les perspectives \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi l\u2019\u00e9volution des rapports de force mondiaux dans l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volte-face de l\u2019administration Trump concernant les exportations de puces IA illustre combien la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la viabilit\u00e9 commerciale sont imbriqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de haute technologie. Dans un monde d\u2019innovation rapide et de concurrence mondiale croissante, les gouvernements doivent adapter sans cesse leurs politiques pour d\u00e9fendre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sans entraver la course \u00e0 l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n","post_title":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou profits : les enjeux du revirement de la politique am\u00e9ricaine sur les puces IA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"securite-nationale-ou-profits-les-enjeux-du-revirement-de-la-politique-americaine-sur-les-puces-ia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_modified_gmt":"2025-07-30 19:24:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=8412","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8279,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-22 18:37:24","post_content":"\n

En 2025, le United States Citizenship and Immigration<\/a> Services (USCIS) est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de retard dans le traitement des dossiers d\u2019immigration, mettant \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l\u2019infrastructure de l\u2019agence et plongeant des millions d\u2019immigrants dans une incertitude prolong\u00e9e. Au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019exercice fiscal 2025, le nombre de cas en attente s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 11,3 millions \u2014 soit une augmentation de 1,6 million depuis le trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u2014 repr\u00e9sentant le pire retard en plus de dix ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, seuls deux millions et demi de dossiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s, soit une baisse de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et de 12 % par rapport au premier trimestre 2025. Un signe pr\u00e9occupant r\u00e9cent est l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00ab frontlog \u00bb, comprenant 34 500 demandes non ouvertes \u2014 des dossiers qui n\u2019ont m\u00eame pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de traitement. Les d\u00e9lais pour les formulaires essentiels ont explos\u00e9. Le formulaire I-90 (remplacement de la carte verte) conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais un retard de plus de huit mois, soit une augmentation de 900 %. De m\u00eame, les demandes de permis de travail (formulaire I-765) ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 86 % par rapport au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces chiffres indiquent un syst\u00e8me au bord de la rupture, allongeant les d\u00e9lais, r\u00e9compensant parfois les contrevenants par d\u00e9faut, et impactant lourdement la sant\u00e9 mentale et les conditions de vie des personnes prises dans cette attente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact sur les Immigr\u00e9s et les Aspirants \u00e0 la Citoyennet\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9tresse Psychologique des Retards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour de nombreux immigr\u00e9s, la p\u00e9riode d\u2019attente impos\u00e9e par l\u2019USCIS d\u00e9passe largement l\u2019inconfort administratif. Elle devient une souffrance personnelle profonde. L\u2019incertitude li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de statut l\u00e9gal, \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de travailler l\u00e9galement, ou \u00e0 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de voyager pour des raisons familiales en raison de documents bloqu\u00e9s, cr\u00e9e un \u00e9tat d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 permanent, connu sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La citoyennet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas qu\u2019un concept juridique ; elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019engagement et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. Pour les d\u00e9tenteurs de cartes vertes ou les premiers demandeurs, cette attente prolong\u00e9e cr\u00e9e une suspension douloureuse de la normalit\u00e9. Beaucoup d\u00e9crivent un sentiment d\u2019isolement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019ils souhaitent pourtant appeler \u00ab chez eux \u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux droits et opportunit\u00e9s r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux citoyens ou r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vie et Revenu D\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les retards ont des cons\u00e9quences tangibles sur les individus et les employeurs. Les candidats \u00e0 la prolongation de permis de travail perdent souvent leur emploi ou voient leurs heures r\u00e9duites, compromettant leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Les employeurs, notamment dans les secteurs d\u00e9pendants de la main-d'\u0153uvre immigr\u00e9e, \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 combler les postes vacants. Ces perturbations s\u2019\u00e9tendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, affectant la productivit\u00e9 et les efforts d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Administratives et D\u00e9fis Structurels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renforcement des Contr\u00f4les et Inertie Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur des retards d\u00e9coule d\u2019une combinaison de probl\u00e8mes administratifs. Des contr\u00f4les documentaires renforc\u00e9s et des politiques antifraude mises en place ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 et maintenues en 2025 \u2014 ont ralenti les d\u00e9lais de traitement. La suspension du programme de traitement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 (Streamlined Case Processing, SCP) a transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes dans des proc\u00e9dures manuelles longues et laborieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les retards sont aggrav\u00e9s par un manque de personnel. La p\u00e9nurie chronique dans les bureaux de l\u2019USCIS freine toute expansion de capacit\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019afflux constant de nouveaux dossiers. Le nombre de demandes de pi\u00e8ces compl\u00e9mentaires (RFEs) a explos\u00e9, for\u00e7ant les demandeurs \u00e0 soumettre de nouvelles preuves et prolongeant la dur\u00e9e d\u2019examen. Si ces proc\u00e9dures visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, elles contribuent aussi \u00e0 la paralysie des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stagnation Op\u00e9rationnelle et Rupture des Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Des infrastructures informatiques obsol\u00e8tes et une num\u00e9risation incompl\u00e8te freinent les efforts de modernisation de l\u2019USCIS. Les processus papier ne sont toujours pas compl\u00e8tement convertis, laissant de nombreux candidats mal inform\u00e9s et sans mise \u00e0 jour en temps r\u00e9el. Les centres d\u2019appel de l\u2019agence et les outils de suivi en ligne offrent peu de clart\u00e9, maintenant les demandeurs dans un \u00e9tat de tension constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte Politique et Cadre Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une Politique Migratoire Plus R\u00e9pressive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La crise actuelle survient dans un contexte de durcissement des politiques migratoires. Sous la seconde administration Trump, en 2025, des d\u00e9crets ont restreint l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e9limin\u00e9 certaines protections pour les sans-papiers, et r\u00e9duit les programmes fond\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9. Ces choix rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une orientation id\u00e9ologique priorisant le contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de l\u2019USCIS reconna\u00eet que l\u2019agence op\u00e8re sous une forte pression \u2014 avec des volumes de travail accrus et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 des projets de modernisation, la construction de capacit\u00e9 a pris du retard, frein\u00e9e par des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Immigration, Ligne de Fracture Politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En 2025, l\u2019immigration demeure un sujet politiquement explosif. Le ralentissement de l\u2019USCIS illustre une probl\u00e9matique de gouvernance plus large : comment concilier rigueur administrative et responsabilit\u00e9 humanitaire ? Le Congr\u00e8s est divis\u00e9 : faut-il augmenter les ressources pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les traitements, ou restreindre davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains voient dans les retards croissants une strat\u00e9gie implicite d\u2019exclusion \u2014 retarder au lieu de rejeter officiellement. Les critiques estiment que cela mine la confiance dans les institutions publiques et affaiblit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 morale des \u00c9tats-Unis en tant que pays d\u2019accueil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innovations et Solutions Possibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration Technologique et Gestion des Dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019USCIS a entrepris des initiatives pour moderniser le traitement des demandes : num\u00e9risation des formulaires, pr\u00e9-tri par intelligence artificielle, et am\u00e9lioration du suivi en ligne. Une relance du programme SCP permettrait de traiter plus rapidement les cas simples et de r\u00e9affecter les agents aux dossiers complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019agence a aussi accru la collaboration avec des avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en immigration et des groupes de d\u00e9fense pour clarifier les documents requis, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les RFEs. Toutefois, ces efforts ne montrent pas encore de r\u00e9sultats concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9formes L\u00e9gislatives et Innovations Civiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9lus appellent \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es : augmentation du budget de l\u2019USCIS, voies rapides pour les dossiers \u00e0 faible risque, et imposition de d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour les d\u00e9cisions. Des groupes de d\u00e9fense plaident pour une loi garantissant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et interdisant les blocages administratifs prolong\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mouvement croissant soutient \u00e9galement les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 pour renforcer l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique des services d\u2019immigration. Des d\u00e9veloppeurs sous contrat ou des innovateurs civiques pourraient collaborer avec les services publics pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 Tuck Frumper<\/strong>, analyste en technologie civique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab Le retard massif de l\u2019USCIS en 2025 rappelle cr\u00fbment que notre syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration doit \u00eatre modernis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du XXIe si\u00e8cle. Les d\u00e9lais nuisent non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019obtention du statut l\u00e9gal, mais aussi \u00e0 la confiance communautaire et au sentiment d\u2019appartenance. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t identify with my country\u2019s values anymore. Is this \u2018citizenship insecurity\u2019? https:\/\/t.co\/nJUYLWggOM<\/a><\/p>— #TuckFrump (@realTuckFrumper) July 24, 2025<\/a><\/blockquote>

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